Tag Archives: dark matter

Multiple overlapping clock faces with various times, creating a surreal and abstract time concept in blue tones.

What Is Time? – The Existence Equation Conjecture – Part 3/3 (Conclusion)

Categories, Universe Mysteries, , , , ,

This three part post is based on original theoretical research presented in my book, Unraveling the Universe’s Mysteries, 2012, Louis A. Del Monte (available at Amazon http://amzn.to/Zo1TGn)

In our last post we were left a significant unanswered question. Where does the enormous negative energy required for existence come from?

There are relatively few candidates. In fact, after much though and research, two emerge.

The gravitational fields of the universe. Gravitation’s reach is infinite. Everything in the universe pulls on everything else. However, to date, no experimental evidence supports that the energy for existence is being syphoned from the universe’s gravitational fields. Although, we know gravitational energy will cause time dilation, and extend a particle’s existence, we do not observe any reduction in gravitational fields between objects. In fact, the force of gravity, as measured on Earth, remains unchanged over centuries of measurement. It is theoretically possible that dark matter blocks any gravitational energy syphoning within a galaxy, but its absence between galaxies allows the gravitational fields between galaxies to be syphoned, and thus causes the distance between galaxies to increase. This squares with observation, but this hypothesis has a serious problem: most distant galaxies are moving away from us at speeds that exceed the speed of light. If this is due to weakening gravitational fields between galaxies, it suggests the galaxies themselves are moving faster than the speed of light, and that violates the special theory of relativity, making it unlikely. Based on the above reasoning, until new data is available to the contrary, syphoning energy from gravitational fields between galaxies does not appear to be a viable candidate.

Dark energy. Is it possible that the universe’s expansion is occurring to sustain its existence? We know that the accelerated expansion of the universe is real. We attribute its expansion to an unknown cause: dark energy. Is the energy required for existence being syphoned from the vacuums that exist between galaxies? If that is the case, as energy is removed from the vacuums between galaxies, mass is equivalently remove, based on Einstein’s famous mass-energy equivalence equation (E = mc2). As energy/mass is removed, the gravitational attraction within the vacuum decreases causing it to expand. In addition, the expansion of space, causing the most distance galaxies to move away faster than the speed of light, can be explained on the basis that those distant galaxies have been around longer and have had more energy removed from the vacuums that separate them. Therefore, the phenomenon of dark energy may be the existence equation conjecture at work (i.e., removing energy from the vacuums of space).

One important question remains. Why doesn’t the space within a galaxy expand? My speculation is that dark matter acts to block any removal of energy from the space within a galaxy. In effect, I am suggesting that dark matter causes a galaxy to act more like one galactic particle.

What does all of the above say about the nature of time? If we are on the right track, it says describing the nature of time requires six crucial elements, all of which are simultaneously true.

  1. Time is change.
  2. Time is a measure of energy, since change requires energy.
  3. Time is a measure of existence.
  4. Movement in time (or existence) requires negative energy.
  5. The energy to fuel time (existence) is enormous. It may be responsible for the life times associated with unstable elementary particles, essentially consuming them, in part, to satisfy the Existence Equation Conjecture. It may be drawing energy from the universe. If correct, it provides insight into the nature of dark energy. Essentially the negative energy we call dark energy is the existence equation conjecture removing energy from the vacuums between galaxies.

This theory of time is speculative, but fits the empirical observations of time. A lot of the speculation rests on the validity of the Existence Equation Conjecture. Is it valid? As shown in appendix 2 of my book, Unraveling the Universe’s Mysteries, it is entirely consistent with data from a high-energy particle-accelerator experiment involving muons moving near the speed of light. The experimental results agree closely with predictions of the Existence Equation Conjecture (within 2%). This data point is consistent with the hypothesis that adding kinetic energy can fuel the energy required for existence. The implications are enormous, and require serious scientific scrutiny.

The Existence Equation Conjecture represents a milestone. If further evaluation continues to confirm the validity of the Existence Equation Conjecture, we have a new insight into the nature of time. Existence (movement in time) requires enormous negative energy. The Existence Equation Conjecture, itself, provides insight into the physical processes underpinning time dilation. It answers the question why a subatomic particle’s life increases with the addition of kinetic or gravitational energy. It offers a solution path to a mystery that has baffled science since 1998, namely the cause of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Lastly, it may contain one of the keys to time travel.

A vibrant cosmic scene showing a swirling blue nebula with bright stars scattered across the dark space background.

Most of the Universe Remains a Mystery to Science

Categories, Universe Mysteries, , , , , ,

Despite advances in astrophysics in the past decade, such as the discovery of exoplanets beyond our solar system, we do not know what makes up the majority of the universe. The visible matter (stars, planets, stellar objects) only accounts for 2% of the mass of the universe. What makes up the rest? The rest is “dark matter and “dark energy,” but whatever they are remains a mystery. I forward the latest scientific theories to explain them in my book, Unraveling the Universe’s Mysteries, available on Amazon.

In essence, the bulk of the scientific community believes that dark matter is a weakly interactive massive particle (WIMP), but there is no sound theoretical evidence or any physical evidence to support this theory. In my book, I suggest we view it as a form of energy and consider theories and experiments to confirm/refute this conjecture.

Dark energy is the term science uses to describe the cause of the accelerating expansion of the universe. I put forward a new theory to explain dark energy, namely, the existence equation conjecture. This theory is derived from Einstein’s special theory of relativity. The resulting equation implies that existence (movement in time) requires energy, which is being siphoned from the vacuums of space. Science can prove and accepts vacuums contain energy and give rise to “virtual particles.” As energy is removed, the vacuums become less mass dense (since energy and mass are related by Einstein’s ionic equation, E = mc^2), and the gravity that defined the vacuums becomes weaker, causing the vacuums to expand. This causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate for the furthest and oldest galaxies.

I discuss dark matter, dark energy, virtual particles and the latest scientific theories on my YouTube Channel, Del Monte On Science.

 

dark matter

Dark Matter Explained (video) – Part 2/2 Conclusion

Categories, Universe Mysteries, , ,

Dark Matter Explained — In this concluding segment, physicist Louis Del Monte describes the Standard Model of Particle Physics’ failure to predict the dark matter particle, the WIMP (i.e. weakly interactive massive particle), and science’s failure to detect it. Given the current situation, Del Monte suggest considering that dark matter may be a form of energy, and not a particle. Further, Del Monte suggest that the energy may be resident in one of the eleven dimensions of M-theory (i.e. membrane theory), and too small to detect. Del Monte proposes a “missing mass” experiment as a method to determine the nature of dark matter.

This subject is also fully discussed in Louis Del Monte’s new book, Unraveling the Universe’s Mysteries (available in paper back or as an eBook on Amazon http://amzn.to/Zo1TGn and Barnes & Noble http://bit.ly/RAv4FL).

For more information about Louis Del Monte, please follow Louis Del Monte on Twitter (https://twitter.com/delmontelouis), and visit his Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/DelMonte.Louis

A vibrant cosmic scene with a glowing galaxy, bright stars, and a planet silhouetted in the foreground.

Dark Matter May Be Energy

Categories, Universe Mysteries, ,

Ever since its discovery by Fritz Zwicky (California Institute of Technology) in 1933, scientists, philosophers, and laypeople have pondered: what is dark matter?

Let us start by delineating the nature of dark matter based on current scientific observations:

  • It is not in the visible spectrum. We cannot see it. It does not absorb or emit electromagnetic radiation (i.e. light).
  • It does not strongly interact with other forms of energy or matter.
  • It does exhibit gravitational effects. For example, it can bend light via its gravitational effects similar to the way ordinary matter is able to bend light.
  • It makes up about 95% of the matter in the universe.
  • It is concentrated within galaxies and acts almost like glue holding all the stars together in a constant fixed orbit around the center of the galaxy.
  • It is absent between galaxies.

The most popular theory of dark matter is that it is a slow-moving particle, which travels up to a tenth of the speed of light. Scientists call the mass associated with dark matter a “WIMP” (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle).

On the surface this would seem to be a reasonable theory, but two issues raise serious concern about the existence of the WIMP particle:

  1. The Standard Model of particle physics does not predict the WIMP particle. The Standard Model is highly regarded as one of modern science’s most successful theories. Since the Standard Model does not predict a WIMP particle, we have a serious basis to question whether the WIMP particle exists.
  2. All experiments to detect the WIMP particle have to date been unsuccessful, including considerable effort by Stanford University, University of Minnesota, and Fermilab.

In my book, Unraveling the Universe’s Mysteries, I suggest a new line of research and theoretical enquiry. I posit the theoretical understanding of dark matter lies in M-theory (the unified theory of all string theories). I am not suggesting we abandon our current research, but rather broaden it.

Consider these hypotheses.

  • Dark matter is in one of the not spatial dimensions of M-theory: Since finding the WIMP particle has proved elusive, it may not reside in the typical three-dimensional space where we conduct our experiments. M-theory posits eleven dimensions. This opens up the possibility that the WIMP particle may reside in one of non-spatial dimensions predicted by M-theory.
  • Dark matter is not a particle, but a quantum (discrete packet) of energy: Dark matter may not be a particle, but a quantum of energy. We know that mass and energy are equivalent from Einstein’s famous mass-energy equivalence equation, E = mc2, where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum. This would also explain why the Standard Model does not predict the WIMP particle.

In my book, Unraveling the Universe’s Mysteries, I suggest experimental methods to determine the validity of the above hypotheses.

It is hard, if not impossible, to believe that most of the mass in the universe has eluded detection and may not be mass, but energy.

Welcome to the edge of science, where physics and metaphysics blurs.